![]() ![]() We are bombarded by messages throughout our day, so it’s completely possible to attend to a message and decode it and then forget it minutes later. Once we’ve decoded a message, we have to actually remember the message itself, or the ability to recall a message that was sent. Decoding is when we attempt to break down the message we’ve heard into comprehensible meanings. When we discussed the basic models of human communication, we discussed the idea of decoding a message. The second stage of the listening model is understanding, or the ability to comprehend or decode the source’s message. Remember, mindful communication starts with the premise that we must think about our intentions and be aware of them. If we go into an interaction with another person without really intending to listening to what they have to say, we may end up being a passive listener who does nothing more than hear and nod our heads. ![]() Now, to engage in mindful listening, it’s important to take hearing seriously because of the issue of intention. Simply, if we don’t attend to the message at all, then communication never occurred from the receiver’s perspective. Now, one can argue that hearing should not be equated with listening (as we did above), but it is the first step in the model of listening. Hearingįrom a fundamental perspective, for listening to occur, an individual must attend to some kind of communicated message. Image: Original Image, Fanshawe College, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. Although not the only model of listening that exists, we like this model because it breaks the process of hearing down into clearly differentiated stages: hearing, understanding, remembering, interpreting, evaluating, and responding (Figure 10.6) Figure 10.6 Stages in the Listening Process. Judi Brownell (1985) created one of the most commonly used models for listening – the HURIER model. ![]() Now, it may be difficult for your friend to find a parking spot on campus, but that doesn’t mean that there’s “never any parking.” In this case, you’ve gone from just listening to critically evaluating the argument your friend is making. For example, the word “never” in this statement is problematic because it would mean that the campus has zero available parking, which is probably not the case. What gives?” Now, if you’re critically listening to what your friend says, you’ll question the basis of this argument. Your friend states, “There’s never any parking on campus. Next, let’s say you and your friend get into a discussion about the issues of campus parking. A minute earlier, another song could have been playing, but you tuned it out (hearing) instead of taking a moment to enjoy and attend to the song itself (listen). Maybe then your favorite song comes on the speaker system the restaurant is playing, and you and your best friend both attend to the song because you both like it. Your ear is going to be attending to a lot of different messages all the time in that environment, but most of those messages get filtered out as “background noise,” or information we don’t listen to at all. Let’s say that you and your best friend are having dinner at a crowded restaurant. Let’s apply these ideas to a typical interpersonal situation. 61). From this perspective, it’s one thing to attend to someone’s message, but something very different to analyze what the person is saying based on known facts and evidence. ![]() Critical listening is the “careful, systematic thinking and reasoning to see whether a message makes sense in light of factual evidence” (Wrench et al., 2017, p. We can even take this a step further and differentiate normal listening from critical listening. From this perspective, hearing is more of an automatic response when your ear perceives information whereas, listening is what happens when we purposefully attend to different messages. Listening is “focused, concentrated attention for the purpose of understanding the meanings expressed by a ” (Wrench et al., 2017, p. Listening, on the other hand, is generally seen as an active process. Even in a sound-proof room, other sounds that are normally not heard like a beating heart or breathing will become more apparent as a result of the blocked background noise. Unless you are in a sound-proof room or are 100% deaf, we are constantly hearing sounds. Hearing is a physiological process that is continuously happening. Hearing refers to a passive activity where an individual perceives sound by detecting vibrations through an ear. However, most people are not entirely sure what the word “listening” is or how to do it effectively. When it comes to daily communication, we spend about 45% of our listening, 30% speaking, 16% reading, and 9% writing (Hayes, 1991). ![]()
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